Koj paub ntau npaum li cas txog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev?
May 08, 2024
Cov khoom siv insulating yog cov khoom siv siv los cais cov conductors ntawm cov peev txheej sib txawv. Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau kuj yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa. Piv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ua kua, cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev muaj zog ntau dua vim lawv qhov ntom ntom, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov rwb thaiv tsev tuab.
Txheej txheem cej luam Cov khoom siv insulating yog cov khoom siv siv los cais cov conductors uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv insulating tseem yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa.
Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: inorganic thiab organic.
Piv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ua kua, cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev muaj zog ntau dua vim lawv qhov ntom ntom dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov rwb thaiv tsev tuab. Lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam, dielectric tas li, thiab dielectric poob ntawm cov khoom insulating sib txawv ntawm ntau yam.
Piv txwv li, cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm polytetrafluoroethylene tuaj yeem siab li 1020Ω·m, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej ntws tawm ntau dhau, thiab nws cov txheeb ze dielectric tsis tu ncua tsawg heev (tsuas yog 2.0), ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev. me me; sib txuas, High-dielectric ceramics muaj cov txheeb ze dielectric tsis tu ncua (txog ntau txhiab). Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem xaiv tau raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv.
Inorganic solids feem ntau suav nrog mica, hmoov mica thiab mica khoom, iav, iav fiber ntau, thiab lawv cov khoom, nrog rau hluav taws xob plooj (porcelain), alumina zaj duab xis, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, tsis yooj yim rau hnub nyoog, thiab muaj zog ntau yam. Qee tus ntawm lawv, xws li hluav taws xob porcelain, muaj tus nqi qis thiab tuav ib txoj haujlwm hauv kev siv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev inorganic yog tias lawv muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab tsis yooj yim yoog raws cov kev cai molding ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev.
Mica thiab hmoov mica cov khoom lag luam muaj cov kab mob corona ntev ntev thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv high-voltage. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
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Cov txheej txheem ntawm iav yog yooj yim dua li cov ceramics thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov insulators. Cov iav fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav, ntaub, thiab daim kab xev. Nws muaj ntau dua kub tsis kam tshaj cov organic fiber ntau thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob porcelain muaj qhov tso tawm zoo heev thiab qee yam kev siv zog, yog li lawv tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob sib kis thiab kev faib khoom. Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, ntau yam uas muaj zog txhua yam, siab kub tsis kam, thiab siab dielectric tas li tau tsim.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, organic solids feem ntau yog ntuj, xws li ntawv, paj rwb, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, roj hmab, thiab curable zaub roj. Cov ntaub ntawv no hloov tau, tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem kev thov, thiab yooj yim kom tau txais. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 20th, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer tau hloov pauv qhov zoo li ntawm cov khoom siv insulating.
Bakelite yog thawj zaug siv los ua cov khoom siv insulating. Tom qab ntawd, polyethylene thiab polystyrene tshwm sim. Vim lawv cov dielectric me me tsis tu ncua thiab dielectric poob, lawv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov zaus siab thiab yoog raws li kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li radar. Silicone resin ua ke nrog tsawg-alkali iav daim ntaub zoo heev txhim kho cov cua sov tiv thaiv qib ntawm cov motors thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Enameled hlau ua los ntawm polyvinyl formal raws li cov xim pleev xim tau qhib qhov kev cia siab dav rau enameled hlau, hloov cov xov paj ntaub thiab xov paj. Lub thickness ntawm polyester zaj duab xis tsuas yog ob peb kaum ntawm microns.
Siv nws los hloov cov ntawv qub thiab daim ntaub zoo heev txhim kho cov kev qhia thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev siv cov ntawv polyaramid fiber ntau, polyester zaj duab xis, thiab polyimide zaj duab xis ua rau cov qib kub tsis kam ntawm lub cev muaj zog qhov hluav taws xob ua F thiab H raws li (saib cov qib rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab thermal aging test). Muaj kev txhim kho zoo sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv elastomer, xws li cov roj hmab silicone roj hmab, roj-resistant nitrile roj hmab, thiab tom qab ntawd fluorine roj hmab, ethylene-propylene roj hmab, thiab lwm yam.
